Categories
CSS General HTML

HTML and CSS: general site architecture and good practices

CSS organization:

Base/

– reset.css (or normalize.css)

– layout.css (any grid system you are throwing in goes here)

– typography.css (your fonts stuff)

– utilities.css (OOCSS stuff, things that may be easier to just define a class for instead of rules below, like .left { float: left}, or .mtl { margin-top: 20px } See this and pic and choose the ones not cover in other sections that you may need.

– zindexmap.css (this file does not contain any css, just a commented out section where you  specify all the elements using zindex, and the values), it is quite useful to avoid the z-index wars

Components/

– buttons.css

-forms.css

– list.css (and so on, you get the idea)

Modules/

– footer.css

– header.css

– navbar.css (you get the idea, not atomic components like buttons, but more general sections.

Overrides/

– aboutus.css (page specific stuff, one offs, overrides to generic rules, themes)

Make sure your production scripts are making all of these files into one.

Other tips:

1) Inside each file, at the top, put a CSS map, so you know if a section you are adding / modifying is already there. Something like:

/* Contents

– Header

– some section

– some other section

– footer stuff

*/

And then, make sure the sections correspond with the headers above. That will help you keep bloat out

2) Avoid long selectors! Favor specificity by classes. For example, instead of:

#my_container section div p a.my_link

try

#my_container .my link (or just plain .my_link)

It is easier to fall in this trap specially if you are using css precompilers like sass. The reason you should be mindful of this:

– Better performance of your CSS

– You avoid specificity wars. Protect via container ids, not long strings of HTML elements

3) Always aim to reuse. Try to drive your work off a designer’s stylesheet, so you don’t have to “recreate” styles per pages / sections. If one is not provided, ask for one. If not possible, avoid the temptation to create “one offs” everywhere to accomplish stuff, constantly go back to your base classes and look for what you need, or what you don’t anymore.

4) At coding time: make the HTML do as much of the Layout / styling as possible. For example, as basic as it sounds, put content in

instead of a more generic

if the text is really to be used as a paragraph.

Categories
General JavaScript

Javascript: modulo

As an arithmetic operation, use it to find out if a number is divisible by another one, with no reminder afterwards. Basic stuff, but important.

Categories
General Programming

General: Time and programming

UTC: Universal time based on England.

GMT: Greenwich Mean Time. Sort of the same as UTC, based on a different region of the world.

Unix time: Number of seconds since epoch (1970). It is based on UTC. No timezones, there are leap seconds every now and then to adjust. They happen at the end of the day by just recounting the last second.

Computer systems should store Unix timestamps based on UTC.

Clients of those systems should do the adjustments to display them as local time to the users. At displaying time, a timeformat without offset is useless.